average

英 ['æv(ə)rɪdʒ]美 ['ævərɪdʒ]
  • n. 平均；平均数；海损
  • adj. 平均的；普通的
  • vt. 算出…的平均数；将…平均分配；使…平衡
  • vi. 平均为；呈中间色
CET4 TEM4 IELTS 考研 TOEFL CET6 中高频词 核心词汇

中文词源

average 平均

来自阿拉伯语，指海损货品，在古时没有保险机构的情况下，各货主按各自货品价值共同承担损失，后词义转为平均，原义见保险行业术语general average, 共同海损。

英文词源

average
average: [15] The word average has a devious history. It began in Arabic, as ‘awārīya, the plural of ‘awār, a noun derived from the verb ‘āra ‘mutilate’; this was used as a commercial term, denoting ‘damaged merchandise’. The first European language to adopt it was Italian, as avaria, and it passed via Old French avarie into English (where in the 16th century it acquired its -age ending, probably by association with the then semantically similar damage).

Already by this time it had come to signify the ‘financial loss incurred through damage to goods in transit’, and this passed in the 17th century to the ‘equal sharing of such loss by those with a financial interest in the goods’, and eventually, in the 18th century, to the current (mathematical and general) sense of ‘mean’.
average (n.)
late 15c., "financial loss incurred through damage to goods in transit," from French avarie "damage to ship," and Italian avaria; a word from 12c. Mediterranean maritime trade (compare Spanish averia; other Germanic forms, Dutch avarij, German haferei, etc., also are from Romanic languages), which is of uncertain origin. Sometimes traced to Arabic 'arwariya "damaged merchandise." Meaning shifted to "equal sharing of such loss by the interested parties." Transferred sense of "statement of a medial estimate" is first recorded 1735. The mathematical extension is from 1755.
average (adj.)
1770; see average (n.).
average (v.)
1769, from average (n.). Related: Averaged; averaging.

双语例句

1. The average commuter journey there is five hours long.
那里的通勤一族平均上下班要花5个小时。
来自柯林斯例句
2. In 1970 the average size of a French farm was 19 hectares.
1970年，法国农场的平均规模为19公顷。
来自柯林斯例句
3. Its profits are rising four times faster than the average company.
它的利润增长速度比一般公司快4倍。
来自柯林斯例句
4. The train's average speed was no better than that of our bicycles.
火车的平均速度比我们骑自行车的速度快不了多少。
来自柯林斯例句
5. My fish average 2 lb 8 oz and I've had two eight-pounders.
我的鱼平均每条重2磅8盎司，还有过两条重8磅的。
来自柯林斯例句