desert

英 ['dezət; dɪ'zɜːt]美 ['dɛzɚt]
  • vt. 遗弃；放弃；逃跑
  • vi. 遗弃；开小差；逃掉
  • n. 沙漠；荒原；应得的赏罚
  • adj. 沙漠的；荒凉的；不毛的
CET4 TEM4 IELTS GRE 考研 TOEFL CET6 中频词 核心词汇

中文词源

desert 沙漠

de-, 不，非，使相反。-sert, 连接，词源同series, insert. 即断开连接，逃离，遗弃，引申词义被遗弃的地方，沙漠。

英文词源

desert
desert: English has three distinct words desert, which come from two separate sources. Desert ‘what one deserves’ [13] (now usually used in the plural) is related, as its meaning suggests, to the verb deserve. It comes from Old French desert or deserte, which were formed from the past participle of deservir ‘deserve’. (Dessert ‘sweet course’ [17] is its first cousin, coming from French desservir ‘clear the table’ – literally ‘unserve’ – a compound verb formed, like deserve, from the verb serve but with the prefix dis- rather than de-.) The noun desert ‘barren region’ [13] and the verb desert ‘abandon’ [15] both come ultimately from dēsertus, the past participle of Latin dēserere ‘abandon’.

This was a compound verb formed from the prefix dē- denoting reversal and serere ‘join’ (a derivative of which gave English ‘serried ranks’).
=> serve; serried
desert (v.)
"to leave one's duty," late 14c., from Old French deserter (12c.) "leave," literally "undo or sever connection," from Late Latin desertare, frequentative of Latin deserere "to abandon, to leave, forsake, give up, leave in the lurch," from de- "undo" (see de-) + serere "join together, put in a row" (see series). Military sense is first recorded 1640s. Related: Deserted; deserting.
desert (n.1)
"wasteland," early 13c., from Old French desert (12c.) "desert, wilderness, wasteland; destruction, ruin," from Late Latin desertum (source of Italian diserto, Old Provençal dezert, Spanish desierto), literally "thing abandoned" (used in Vulgate to translate "wilderness"), noun use of neuter past participle of Latin deserere "forsake" (see desert (v.)).

Sense of "waterless, treeless region" was in Middle English and gradually became the main meaning. Commonly spelled desart in 18c., which is not etymological but at least avoids confusion with the other two senses of the word. Classical Latin indicated this idea with deserta, plural of desertus.
desert (n.2)
"suitable reward or punishment" (now usually plural and with just), c. 1300, from Old French deserte, noun use of past participle of deservir "be worthy to have," ultimately from Latin deservire "serve well" (see deserve).

双语例句

1. The vehicles have been modified to suit conditions in the desert.
车辆已改装过以适应沙漠的环境。
来自柯林斯例句
2. The paper'sprice rise will encourage readers to desert in even greater numbers.
报纸价格的上涨将导致更多的读者不再订阅。
来自柯林斯例句
3. Young workers are more willing to desert jobs they don't like.
年轻职工对不喜欢的工作更易擅自离职。
来自柯林斯例句
4. Frank Mariano negotiates the desert terrain in his battered pickup.
弗兰克·马里亚诺驾驶他那辆破烂不堪的皮卡车成功穿越了沙漠地带。
来自柯林斯例句
5. The diamond towns are gradually being reclaimed by the desert.
这些钻石城镇正逐渐重归沙漠。
来自柯林斯例句